The Acts of Remembering and Memorializing Assignment

The Acts of Remembering and Memorializing - Assignment Example The rhetoric significance of the artifact becomes the critical issue that invites fresh interpretations that affect the present and the future. According to Foss (1986), Vietnam Veterans Memorial successfully appeals to the visitors because it not only violates the conventional form and expectations but exploits visitors’ personal experience and evokes memories that are unique. Foss believes that aesthetic response and rhetoric response are different. Aesthetic response is designed towards providing visitors with pleasant sensory feelings, especially the visual aspects in terms of color, shape, design etc. But the rhetoric response tends to explore hidden meaning to the shape, color, and environment. The difference between the two is important because aesthetic and rhetoric responses together give credence to the success of the artifact. They ensure that it serves its basic purpose of remembering and memorialization of past which can be interpreted creatively to connect with the present. According to Blair and Michel (2000), the Civil Rights Memorial performs civil rights tactics because the artifact is able to engage visitors and goads them to delve deeper and connect. This is interesting because the artifact is strategically located at Montgomery, Alabama which is rich in civil rights history and on the open plaza which is near to the Church where Martin Luther King served as pastor and where the voting march rights had ended in 1965. Performance plays important role in the remembering and memorializing because the public memorials need to evoke images of the past which should instigate responses from the visitors and engage them in constructive dialogues. Blair and Michel’s ideas closely relate with that of Olson, Finnegan, and Hope because they all agree that public memorials impel rhetoric responses which make people interact not only with the artifacts but also with the historical past.

Canadian Multiculturalism Reflected In Poetry

Canadian Multiculturalism Reflected In Poetry It was in the autumn of 2007 when our teacher announced us that at our following meeting we were going to have a special guest, coming from Canada. It raised my attention the fact that our guest was a Romanian born Canadian poet and she was going to share with us her experience as a poet and, moreover, as a citizen in the multicultural Canada. This was how I first heard about Flavia Cosma. She entered our class accompanied by our teacher and by one of her editors, carrying a heavy bag which proved to be crammed with books and told us that books represented her life. My first wonder was to hear her speaking in Romanian, especially after I had been told that she had been living in Canada since 1974. She took care to explain us that she would never cease thinking, writing and loving in Romanian. It appeared to me that tears were going to trickle on her face. This happened each time she was mentioning something about her native country or about her mother tongue, managing to transmit us her feelings. It was even more impressive to find out the circumstances that made her leave her country. Little by little she imparted us her entire story, showing that she was a perfect case to fit in the multicultural Canada. As her life was thoroughly influenced by the social situation of Romania, in a period when she was afraid to make her writings public, Flavia Cosma is eager to promote around the world the policy of the country that offered her the help to become such a renowned poet. She praises Canada for giving her the hope and the confidence in her, as well as for offering her the chance to prove herself and her mother country her real value. At a time when her own country was oppressing her for writing in such an original way, a foreign country helped Flavia to become famous and backed her up almost unconditioned. Actually, the only thing that she had to do was to translate her work in English, which proved to be of great difficulty at the beginning. She went on telling us that her first feelings that she had for Canada were of intense hatred, as she did not know a single grain of English. But Canada was willingly to adapt her as a citizen, and gave her the opportunity to study English and adapt to the Canadian culture. She preferred to leave the compromise that she had to do in Romania for the work that she started to do in Canada. Her work was even more praised abroad than in Romania and Flavia felt extremely lucky to find this, after a couple of years that she had spent in different Refugee Camps. She took pleasure in giving birth to her work and struggled to make it public. After so many years, she says that it was worth, and declares that she was not that courageous as some of her Romanian counterparts were. Many of them ended up in prison or even dead, due to their desire to act different then the others did. She left Romania with the hope for freedom, and she knew that she had nothing to lose, as in her country she had abs olutely no chance to publish her poems. Being out of the country, she heard of the Romanian Revolution and felt a great joy. Canada offered her the possibility of creating The Association of Democracy in Romania. Since its formation, this organization has supported eleven Romanian orphanages, a help that proved to be reciprocal, as it enabled Flavia to resume her relations with Romania. Once again, she was grateful to the Canadian society that roused in her the interest in social themes and social justice. It also motivated her to start the work at some documentaries about the situation of post-communist Romania, the one entitled Romania a Country at the Crossroads receiving The Canadian Scene Prize for Television Documentaries. We were listening carefully to her, and could hardly believe all the hardships she had to fight with in order to achieve her dream, the sweet dream of liberty, as she told us. She took out a couple of books from her bag and handled them with special care. She started to recite to us, and we were more absorbed by her emotions than by her lyrics. Her voice was trembling with thrills at each word, at each verse. It was clear how much the Romanian language meant to her. She had probably noticed our surprise and explained to us that she gets very nervous when she recites her poems in the language they were composed in, because she finds no other language more musical than Romanian itself. Her point of view was strengthened by many foreigners who listened to her reciting in Romanian. She said that they were profoundly impressed by the way the poems sound in her native language and that the fact that she continues to write in Romanian helps her to remain in touch with her mother country. Later on she invited us to read aloud some of her poems. It was surprising how beautiful they appeared in the silence of our classroom. We were told that she received an important Translation Prize for her 47 Poems, a book that appeared with the support of an American English Professor that helped her with translations. The English variant also sounded fine, but it did not manage to touch our souls the way the Romanian version did. Other publications of Flavia Cosma that followed this one were represented by the novel The Fire that Burns Us, whose pages she took out of the country with great risks, the books Wormood Wine and Fata Morgana which also represent publications that appeared abroad. She left our seminar with the promise that she would return soon, and that she would share other information about her literature and, of course, about the Canadian space. The latter theme does not miss from any of her discourses and lectures, as she is a member of a Canadian association that promotes Canadian values abroad. When asked in one interview that I found published in one of the books of my teacher, Flavia Cosma mentioned that the Canadian state is very generous to her for her speaking in the universities about their multicultural policies. Cf. Balaj, (Interviu cu Flavia Cosma, in Rodica Albu, English in Canada. Representations of Language and Identity. 2006, 327-332). The spring of 2008 brought again the Romanian poet to the University of Iasi. This time she delivered a lecture about traditions and tolerance in the Canadian society. She talked to us about the unique experience Canada offers in what concerns the diversity in all fields of culture: language, nationality, religion etc. Flavia was happy to tell us that the Canadian society invites you to bring your contribution to their culture, and not to forget your national values, as the United States do. She also talked to us about the numerous organizations of art and literature that encourage immigrants to develop their talent and make it known over the world. She spoke to us with such emphasis as though she was a Canadian-born person herself. She was also proud to inform us that the nationality that is placed first in Canada in terms of level of schooling is represented by Romanian children. Just as she said in the interview I mentioned above, she feels at home in the plane, between the two de stinations: Canada and Romania. I had a great pleasure to accompany Flavia on a short walk around the city of Iasi. At the Metropolitan Cathedral she asked for an icon with Saint Anthony. She explained to me later that even though she is orthodox, she borrowed this saint from the Canadians, as he offers her great help, especially in the art of creation. For Flavia, the art of creating poetry is given by the Holy Grace, and she is thankful to God for the fact that a poem is sometimes written even before seeing the paper. This happens because Flavia does not write only on paper, but she writes in her thoughts, and she feels that something misses to her if she does not write on a certain day. This proves how great significance poetry and writing in general have for her. She left me in Copou, offering me one of her books, together with her Internet site. She advised me to visit it, to find more things about her and about Canada. I realized how much she loves this country from the simple fact that she also offered me a little red trinket with a maple leaf below and with the inscription Canada. She took such a pleasure when talking about her poetry that made me get closer to her poems and try to understand them. She said that her work is for everybody and that she dislikes being a hermetic poet. As soon as I started to read her lyrics, I also understood her double identity: she writes with the freedom of a foreigner, having a very open horizon, but she does not deny the Romanian soul. There are so many constructions in her poetry that are just untranslatable and even difficult to be given an English counterpart: lumină lină, vajnici duÃ…Å ¸mani, zborul-nezbor and braÃ…Â £ul mlădios are to be found in the poem entitled Anotimpul iubirii- The Season of Love. Flavias poetry abounds in such constructions that pose great difficulties when being translated, for she writes with her Romanian soul. Poems like Cà ¢ntec de seară, Durerea te à ®mbată, Noapte, Cà ¢nd singuratatea, which is a specific Romanian construction, and Se-n volbură vulturii were translated as Song of Evening, The Pain that Intoxicates You, Darkness, When Loneliness and Eagles Are Turning Circles. The poems of Flavia Cosma also abound in entire stanzas that are difficult to be translated, due to the Romanian context: Ah, pasăre, / Dulce te pleacă, / Lin te coboară, / Mamă gingasă, / Mamă năframă, / Peste iedul uitat in cà ¢mp/ de-astă-vară. The English version does not sound that musical, even though it renders the main idea: Ah, bird, / Bow sweet, / Come down calmly, / Gentle mother, / Kerchief mother, / Above the kid forgotten in the field / Since last summer. Another poem that seems not to have found its proper English counterpart is represented by America: E tulbure mierea / Prelinsă din faguri deschiÃ…Å ¸i dimineaÃ…Â £a. / Frate, de ce Ã…Â £i-e palidă faÃ…Â £a?. This poem was translated with the help of Don Wilson: The honey is like mud / Oozing from open honeycombs in the morning. / Brother, why is your face pale?. Besides this sort of poems, Flavia also wrote extraordinary lyrics that had an impressive impact in English: But on the roads of night I goad / The chalky-white buffaloes-for-burden / Circling hills, climbing, descending, / Seeking answers, breathing. This poem is part of the 47 Poems, the book that received the Translation Prize. I singled out Flavias case because I happened to be familiar with it, but, starting from that and from what I have been able to identify as tipycally Canadian, I can imagine a true cultural mosaic of ethnic voices writing between cultures. What I have no way knowing is to what extent these Canadian writers of various origins listen to each other and resonate with each other aesthetic preferences. As I continued to read the poems, I felt that poetry represents for Flavia the only thread that binds her to Romania. Writing poems makes her discover the unknown mysteries and convey them to the readers through her lyrics. A few lines above I made a mistake and I wrote potery instead of poetry. I believe that the only mistake consists of the fact that I missed one t, because this is what Flavia does: just like the potters make real pieces of art out of simple sand and water, she builds up masterpieces out of simple materials, such as words, because when it comes about working there is nothing for Flavia to love more than words.

Emersons Theories of Education vs Modern-day Theories Essay -- Compar

Emerson and today’s theories of education view discipline as necessary for the progress of students in the classroom; however, Emerson’s beliefs differ from modern-day theories of discipline in "respecting a child" encompassing "patience", "the receiving mind" and "discovers for himself his goal in life." Emerson realized that progressive learning is not a dictator relationship. "Respecting a child" will enhance the student’s ability to achieve their goals. As today’s society lives in the fast lane so does our educational society. "So to regard a young child, the young man, requires, no doubt, rare patience: a patience that nothing but faith in the remedial forces of the soul can give" (Gilman 444). Patience is this unattainable trait that people seek, but never find. Our society is a whirling downfall of enormous debt because of the lack of patience that so many people have adopted as a way of life. Stores are full of consumers that "must have" at that very moment. Unfortunately, the same philosophy of thought is embedded in today’s education. Evaluating today’s theories of education, patience is a luxury that can not be spared. The new "No child left behind" legislation theorizes the idea that standardized testing will improve the instruction level of students. In actualization, the government is teaching the students and the teachers are their puppets. The government likes to call this education reform, however in many eyes it is education death. "The 100 percent goal was simply a target, an admittedly unreachable goal designed to motivate schools to stretch themselves to do better, such as scientists trying to cure cancer or gardeners hoping to grow the perfect tomato" (Matthews 1). Beginning with the first day of school... ... How does society "respect a child" when education is consumed with close-mindedness, repetition, dictatorship and sinful nature. References: Bracey, Gerald W. Are US Students Behind? Web 20 Nov 2014. Http: www.prospect.org/print/V9/37/bracey-g.html Dorja, Rig’dzin. Dangerous Friend: The teacher –student relationship in Vajnayana Buddhism. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www. Samadhicushions.com/Samadhi.cgi/S-1998 Gilman, William H. Selected Writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson. A Signet Classic. New York, New York 10014 Matthews, Jay. No Child Left Behind Act: Facts and Fiction. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A23818- 2003Nov10?language=printer. Swanson, Robert. Web 20 Nov 2014. http://www.sudval.org/users/archives/dsm4 Years of Schooling Smother Creativity. Web 20 Nov 2014. jordan.dpsnc.net/fcmqr1998/schooling.html

MG420 DLC Labor Relations Essay

1. Define the term â€Å"collective bargaining† and list and describe four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement. Efficiency, equity, and voice, these are the three primary objectives of labor relations, of employees, and even of some management employees. Workers seem to lean more towards equity and voice at the workplace, while management usually prefers efficiency. The complicated part is attempting to balance all three for an overall idyllic medium at the workplace for both employers and employees. One of the most encouraging guidelines that should be taken in attaining this balancing act would be through collective bargaining. Collective bargaining is a process of negotiating an agreement regarding the terms and conditions of employment through a system of shared responsibility and decision-making between labor and management (Budd 11-12). During a collective bargaining period, workers’ representatives approach the employer and attempt to negotiate a contract which both sides can agree upon, terms can typically be about wages, hours, promotions, benefits, and other employment components as well as procedures for handling disputes arising under it. An example that can better explain the importance of a collective bargaining is in an article called â€Å"Teachers’ union sues Middleton-Cross Plains school district†, (http://host.madison.com/news/local/education/local_schools/teachers-union-sues-middleton-cross-plains-school-district/article_d169fd40-5996-11e0-9c87-001cc4c03286.html), the author discusses how the union representing teachers in the Middleton-Cross Plains School District sued the district Monday over their collective bargaining negotiations. According to the complaint filed in Dane County Circuit Court, the union said the district â€Å"bargained in bad faith† and proposed non-negotiable contract changes including removal of just cause for discipline and discharge, total district discretion of work  hours, elimination of seniority protections, elimination of fair share union dues, modifications/freezes on salary schedules and elimination of compensatory time off. The union also objected to the district proposal that the School Board be the final step in the grievance procedure as opposed to having a third-party arbitrator as the current agreement states (Kittner, 2011). In this article, we see how the teacher’s union could not effectively negotiate an agreement regarding the terms and conditions of employment with the Cross Plain school district and had to sue for a good-faith collective bargaining agreement. According to our textbook, four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining a greement are as follow: (Budd 11-12) Compensation: Wages and benefits Vacations and holidays Shift premiums Profit sharing Employee Rights and responsibilities: Seniority rights Job standards Workplace rules Employer rights and responsibilities: Management rights Just cause discipline and discharge Subcontracting and safety standard Dispute resolution and ongoing decision making: Grievance procedures Committees and consultation Renegotiation procedures The two mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement I would like to discuss in more detail are employee rights and grievance procedures. According to our textbook one of the four types of employees’ rights frequently granted in union contract is â€Å"just cause discipline and discharge†, an employee can be disciplined and discharged only for â€Å"cause† or â€Å"just cause†. As such, employees have the right to insist there be valid, job-related for reasons for discipline and dismissal (Budd 310). In an  article called â€Å"Is Poor Performance â€Å"Just Cause† for Discharge?†, provides a good example of employees’ rights â€Å"just cause discipline and discharge. The article discusses how the Indiana Court of Appeals ruled in favor of an employer who had discharged an employee for poor performance. The court ruled that the employees’ poor performance constituted a â€Å"breach of duty reasonably owed the employer† which is one of the seven reasons that constitute â€Å"just cause† for discharge under Indiana law and contracts (Lyman, 2012). The article also discusses how employer tried to improve the employees’ behavior. â€Å"The employee’s supervisors repeatedly discussed with employee the mistakes†¦but the mistakes â€Å"would happen over, and over, and over again.† Co-workers had continuing problems with the employee where she would always blame others for her problems. Despite counseling on multiple occasions, she showed no improvement† (Lyman, 2012). The second mandatory component of a collective bargaining agreement I would like to discuss, is grievance procedures. According to our textbook, a grievance is generally defined as a claim by an employee that he or she is adversely affected by the misinterpretation or misapplication of a written company policy or collectively bargained agreement. To address grievances, employers typically implement a grievance procedure (Budd 321). Most collective bargaining agreements include procedures for filing and resolving grievances. An article from the Daily Freeman News called â€Å"Saugerties school board wants grievance discussion with teachers’ union instead of arbitration† (http://www.dailyfreeman.com/general-news/20140215/saugerties-school-board-wants-grievance-discussion-with-teachers-union-instead-of-arbitration), discusses a grievance raised during a Board of Education meeting which involves a guidance counselor in the junior high school who has 329 students, which exce eds the 250 maximum student load. The union, in filing its grievance, asked that the student load be reduced and the counselor receive additional pay for the period in which it exceeded 250 (Zangla, 2014). Within a union environment, the processes will typically involve the employee, union representatives and members of the employer’s management team. The article goes into detail how they will be meeting and try to avoid arbitration. â€Å"Board President George Heidcamp said trustees want to resolve  the grievance with the teachers’ union without going to arbitration, which could cost taxpayers $10,000 or more† (Zangla, 2014). In summary, collective bargaining centers on the basic components of the system where employees, employers and union members meet in order to find what works best and find a solution. A key note to successful collective bargaining is the state of affairs and persons who are entrusted to negotiate should have the traits of patience, trustworthiness, friendliness, integrity, and fairness. Collective bargaining through its mandatory components have enabled many unions and labor management to either agree or take the next steps in trying to get a fair and profitable agreement for both parties. Works Cited Budd, John W. Labor Relations: Striking a Balance. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Kittner, Gena. Teachers’ union sues Middleton-Cross Plains school district. 28 Mar 2011. Web. 19 Apr 2014. . Lyman, Stephen W. Is Poor Performance â€Å"Just Cause† for Discharge? 31 Aug 2012. Web. 19 Apr 2014. . Zangla, Ariel. Saugerties school board wants grievance discussion with teachers’ union instead of arbitration. 15 Feb 2014. Web. 19 Apr 2014. . 2. List and discuss three U.S. laws that support collective bargaining, and three examples of employer unfair labor practices. We have learned that collective bargaining is the negotiations involving the representatives of labor and management for terms and conditions of employment that will apply to the employee. It is also important to understand labor laws that support collective bargaining that protect union activity to balance efficiency, equity and voice. According to our textbook, the three U.S. laws that support collective bargaining between labor and management, are the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (The Wagner Act), the Labor Management Relations Act of 1947 (The Taft-Hartley Act), and Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (The Landrum- Griffin Act) (Budd 109). The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act builds upon previous legislative attempts to promote and protect workers’ abilities to unionize in the private sector if they so choose. It guarantees the right of employees to organize and bargain collectively with  their employers, and to engage in other protected organized activity. Employees covered by the Act are also protected from certain types of employer and union misconduct. (Budd 119). In an interesting Wall Street Journal article called â€Å"Volkswagen’s Union Gamble† (http://www.no2uaw.com/vws-gamble.html), provides a good example of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) at work. The article discusses how Volkswagen and the United Auto Workers union are trying to get workers from Chattanooga, TN plant to vote on unionizing. According to the article, â€Å"Volkswagen workers in Chattanooga are voting this week on whether to become the first foreign-owned unionized auto plant in the American South. The United Auto Workers union desperately needs the victory and is getting help from the National Labor Relations Board and even from Volkswagen, which may come to regret selling out their workers to the union† (WSJ, 2014). The editorial also goes into detail how the UAW tried to sidestep a secret-ballot election via a dubious â€Å"card check.† There logic for this was due to the fact that the Wagner Act allows a union to be certified if a majority of workers sign authorization cards and an employer acquiesces. Unfortunately, the workers argue that non-union plants have lower production costs, more workforce flexibility and less labor strife. They also argue â€Å"Volkswagen’s un-neutral â€Å"neutrality agreement† with the UAW is arguably a violation of Taft-Hartley’s prohibition on employers giving a â€Å"thing of value† to a union seeking to organize its employees† and filed charges with the NLRB alleging that the UAW had lied to workers and bullied them into signing cards (WSJ, 2014). The debate about Volkswagen’s violation of the Taft-Hartley Act is ongoing and it takes us to our second U.S. laws that support collective bargaining. The Labor Management Relations Act of 1947, which is also known as the Taft-Hartley Act amends and adds to the Wagner Act in diverse and far-reaching ways and can be divided into three categories, â€Å"Restrictions on union actions, Enhanced rights of individuals and employers, and New dispute resolution procedures† (Budd 128). The purpose and policy of the Taft-Hartley Act was â€Å"to prescribe the legitimate rights of both employees and employers, to provide orderly and peaceful procedures for preventing the interference by either with the legitimate right of the other, to protect  the rights of individual employees in their relations with labor organizations and to protect the rights of the public in connection with labor disputes affecting commerce† (Budd 127). The act also empowers the U.S. president to petition a court to suspend a strike deemed a national security strike (Budd 128). In an article from the New York Times called â€Å"Dockworkers Strike Threatens to Close the East Coast Ports† (http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/27/business/dockworkers-strike-threatens-to-close-east-coast-ports.html?_r=0), discusses how â€Å"dockworkers are flexing their muscles again, threatening a strike that would shut seaports from Massachusetts to Texas. It would be the first such coast wide strike since a two month walkout in 1977 that paralyzed the flow of tens of billions of dollars of imports – and the nation’s retailers and other businesses fear a painful replay if the 14,500 dockworkers make good on their threats† (Greenhouse, 2012). The strike threat has so alarmed corporate America that of more than 100 business groups which wrote to President Obama to urge him to intervene to push the two sides to settle – and, if need be, to invoke his emergency powers under the 1947 Taft-Hartley Act to bar a strike (Greenhouse, 2012). Eventually the strike was averted, the two sides agreed to sit down with the Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service to discuss extending the long shore workers’ contract, during which time both negotiations and port operations would continue. Another U.S. law that supports collective bargaining is the Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act of 1959 (The Landrum- Griffin Act) deals with the relationship between a union and its members. The Landrum- Griffin creates a bill of rights for union members that guarantees all union members equal rights of participation in internal union affairs, including voting and expressing views† (Budd 131). Part of the bill of rights of this act specifically mentions that all union members are entitled to receive a copy of the collective bargaining agreement. Additionally, the Landrum-Griffin Act tries to hinder corruption and racketeering in three ways. â€Å"First, unions and their officer are required to disclose financial records by filing reports with the U.S. Department of Labor. Second, the Landrum-Griffin act restricts the use of union trusteeships. Third, the Landrum-Griffin Act establishes the fiduciary responsibility of union leaders† (Budd 132-133). In a Wall Street Journal article titled â€Å"Obama Tries to Stop Union Disclosure† asserts how union membership peaked in the 1950s, when more than one-third of American workers belonged to a union. Approximately just about 7.6% of American private-sector workers belong to a union. A Rasmussen Research survey conducted in March found that 81% of nonunion members do not want to belong to a union. (WSJ, 2009). The response by union leaders and their Democratic allies to declining union membership is the Employee Free Choice Act. To increase unionization, it would deprive workers of private balloting in organizing elections, and it would substitute a signature-card process that would expose workers to coercion. The bill would also deny workers the right to ratify, or not ratify, labor contracts drafted by government arbitrators when negotiations in newly unionized workplaces exceed the bill’s rigid timetable (WSJ, 2009). Unfortunately, we see that instead of the democratic government abiding by the Landrum-Griffin Act, it is trying to create laws to appeal some of the current laws that protect union members from the unions or government. In the three above cases, the U.S. laws support collective bargaining, as well as protect from employer unfair practices. An unfair labor practices are defined according to our textbook as an illegal employers’ actions (Budd 122). The Wagner Act or the National Labor Relations Act has specific guidelines that both employees and employers must follow in order to maintain a positive work environment. At times, unfair labor practices do occur and place the workers in chaos. One of the unfair labor practice prohibits employers from interfering, restraining, or coercing employees who are exercising their Section 7 rights. Circulating antiunion petitions, using unnecessary surveillance to watch union activities, threatening employees with being fired, demoted, or causing physical harm, and bribing employees with wage increases are examples of Section 8(a)(1) known as the â€Å"universal enforcer† because it covers all employer violations of employee rights (Budd 123). The second unfair labor practice is known as Domination of a Labor Organization or Company Union Ban. Senator Wagner wanted to avoid management â€Å"handling† unions, preventing workers from forming legitimate, independent unions. Employers that initiate the formation of a union, provide financial support to a union, create a  nonunion employee representation plan, or create a labor-management committee that discusses wages and working conditions with some give and take with management is in direct violation of Section 8(a)(2) (Budd 123-124). The third unfair labor practice deals with employers discriminating to encourage or discourage union membership. Examples include firing a union supporter or someone trying to form a union, transferring a union supporter to a less desirable job or promoting an employee because of opposing a union, refusing to hire a potential employee because of past union participation or simply closing a part of a business because of antiunion reason s are examples of Section 8(a)(3) (Budd 123-124). A good example of two unfair labor practices is in an article called â€Å"1981 Strike Leaves Legacy for American Workers† (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5604656), in which the author discusses how over 30 years ago, former President Ronald Reagan set a defining moment in the history of the aviation, his presidency, and labor relations by firing thousands of unionized air traffic controllers for illegally going on strike. In February 1981, new contract negotiations open between Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), which employs the air-traffic controllers. Citing safety concerns, PATCO calls for a reduced 32-hour work week, a $10,000 pay increase for all air-traffic controllers and a better benefits package for retirement. Contract negotiations with the FAA stall (Schalch, 2006). Then in August 1984, strike action began with 13,000 employees walking off the job in various locations, halting operations as busy airports including Dallas, Fort Worth, Atlanta, and Chicago. At that point, then President Reagan intervened sending a warning statement that anyone not returning to work within 48 hours would be terminated. Two days later most of the striking employees were fired. They were replaced by employees not participating the protests and military air traffic controllers (Schalch, 2006). As I understand the employer unfair practices, the firing of the unionizes traffic controllers and the hiring of new traffic controllers was a direct violation of Sections 8(a)(1) and (3), threatening employees with job loss, firing a union supporter, and promoting a union opponent to a better job. In conclusion, the three labor laws have shed some much needed light as to the rights of both employers and employees, not to mention has also set some much needed boundaries as to how far each side can go without treading into illegal or unfair territory. These laws must be put into place to regulate both sides equally and it also provides no confusion as to the right and wrong paths one must take when leading to collective bargaining. The examples of unfair labor practices by employers provide a clear view as to the lengths some employers will go to in an attempt to avoid or divert a union being organized. The Wagner Act has specific sections in its law that provides employers the knowledge of what is acceptable behavior and what is not. Works Cited Budd, John W. Labor Relations: Striking a Balance. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Greenhouse, Steven. Dockworkers Strike Threatens to Close East Coast Ports. 26 Dec 2012. Web. 22 Apr 2014. . Schalch, Kathleen. 1981 Strike Leaves Legacy for American Workers. 2006 Aug 2006. Web. 22 Apr 2014. . Wall Street Journal (Editorial): Volkswagen’s Union Gamble. 12 Feb 2014. Web. 20 Apr 2014. . 3. Describe the process of establishing and decertifying a collective bargaining unit in the workplace. As discussed earlier in this research paper, the definition of collective bargaining is technically when a group of employees negotiate as a unit with their employer over pay, benefits and working conditions. Chris Langford, a strategist and organizer at the International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers (IFPTE), (http://www.ifpte.org/news/details/Why-Collective-Bargaining-Rights-Are-Important), states that the principle stems from the idea that as a group, employees have more strength or bargaining power if they collaborate than they do if they try to negotiate with their employer individually. Because of its basis in collaboration, collective bargaining is inherently a democratic process since a majority of employees select the subjects they bargain over and vote on whether they agree to a contract (Langford, 2012). In our textbook the author, discusses how a bargaining unit is a group of several workers involved in a similar industry or occupational field that, on the determination of the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), can engage in collective bargaining (Budd 199). This group also helps the union represent the other employees in the industry to handle any issues, improprieties, or unfair work ethics or practices that may come to light. To establish a bargaining unit, certain laws and doctrines must be strictly adhered to, the worker group must also have first established an organized union the deals with their specific industry. The union represents the group exclusively, and deals with all negotiations and discussions to further the workers’ causes. Once a union has been formed, the NLRB, looks at several criteria before allowing part of the worker group to be recognized as a bargaining unit. The NLRB reviews the workers’ mutual interests in working conditions, wages earned, training protocols, and number of hours in a work week. They also look at the management scope, the public interest factor, and the worker group’s history of bargaining in the past through other associations (Budd 200). According to an article called â€Å"WNBA and Players Association Sign New Collective Bargaining Agreement† , the Women’s National Basketball Association (WNBA) and the Women’s National Basketball Players Association (WNBPA) announced that they have entered into a new eight-year collective bargaining agreement. The new collective bargaining agreement includes an additional 12th roster spot, salary cap increases and reduced revenue sharing thresholds, making it more likely that the players will share in league revenue growth. In the article, we can see how an established a collective bargaining unit represent its specific employees (women basketball pl ayers) to conduct collective bargaining with their employers (WNBA, 2014). So what happens if the collective bargaining unit (union) employees no longer want to be represented? To determine the wishes of the majority of the employees, the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) allows employees to call for a special election to get rid of the union as their â€Å"exclusive representative.† This is called a Decertification election.

Tourist destinations – Drayton Manor and Salisbury Cathedral

Drayton manor is a park visited mostly by * Adults * Children * Families * Mother and toddlers * Education groups from schools, colleges and universities * Organised groups and outings * Grandees (60 plus) * Disabled group Accessibility: Location Drayton manor is located near the M42 Not very far from Birmingham southwest and cities like Nottingham and Derby. Opening times Drayton manors currently closed and Thomas land opened on the 12th February 2011- 27th February 2011 half term The park will fully open on the 19th march – the 30th October 2011. The staff will start putting in work rides at 9:30 and the rides will be ready for customers to come on them at 10:30, and will close at 5pm. Transport links You can get to Drayton Manor Park by * your own car You can insert their code (B78 3SA) on your navigation satellite and it will bring you straight to the park, you also get free car parking when you bring your own car so you won't need to pay for car parking. * Train service You can take bus from where ever you are located and go to trains station when you reach your train station you take the train with the London midland- towards Crewe and then you get down at the 1st stop which is Tamworth. Range products The have places for children's like Thomas land and at Thomas land there are varieties of things to do like: 1. Thomas land parties: the birthday child goes in the park for free, commemorative photo for the birthday child with their party in Thomas land and also with friends. They also have play areas for children's to spend the time and play any type of game they want. 2. 100 rides and attractions Such as: * The bounty * Maelstrom * G-force * Pandemonium * Shockwave * Storm force 10 * apocalypse 3. 15 acre zoo and zoo farm 4. Garden centre 5. Camping and caravan ground 6. Games/stalls 7. Arcade Services provided: * The park has to offer the following facilities to disabled people: 1. They assistants who will help you walk around with the disabled groups and help you if you need anything. 2. They have fast passes for all disabled people 3. They make sure all disabled toilets are available 4. They have extra wheelchairs for hire that cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 and electronic ones will cost à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10. 5. They have fist aids and medical centers incase any of them feels sick all of a sudden. * The park also has facilities fir mother and their babies such as: 1. Comfortable and private sites where they can nurse their babies. 2. Baby changing facilities 3. They have shops where they can buy food for their babies incase they don't want to bring a lot of things with them or they need extra. 4. Have shops where they can buy baby nappies and also hire baby buggies for à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5. 5. They also have people who are experience with babies that can take care of your babies for you incase you want to do something. Cost of living Age groups Price Online price 12-64 years à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½32.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½21.95 4 – 11 years à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19.95 2 – 3 years à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.50 Under 2 years FREE à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Grandee (aged 65+) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Disabled / Helper (each) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½22.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 3 Family Members à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½73.50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 4 Family Members à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½98.00 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 5 Family Members à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½122.50 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Annual Pass they have an annual pass that allows to get in to the park, so baisially you will not have to pay at the entrance, you will just have to show them your pass and you can go in and a a wonderful day at the park. There is a different price for each age group * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½90 for aged 12 to 64 * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½70 for aged 4 to 11 * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½55 for aged 65 plus * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½65 for a registered disabled visitor * à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½35 for aged 2 to 3. Salisbury Cathedral Accessibility: Location Salisbury, Wiltshire, England Opening times: The Cathedral is open from 7:15am to 6:15pm The Chapter house, restaurant and shops are open at 9:30am-5:30p You can tour around the towers during the summer at 11:15am, 2:15pm, and 3:15pm to 5pm and in winter 2:15pm only. Transport links: BEEHIVE (501) WILTON (502) BRITFORD (503) LONDON ROAD (504) Range of products: * The cathedral * Shop where people can find souvenir * Special events like: 1. Art for adult courses 2. The history of Christianity in 27 objects 3. Organ recitals 4. Concerts†¦ * Salisbury Cathedral * Oldest Clock in the World * The Spire of Salisbury Cathedral * the original Magna Carta in the chapter House Services provided: The cathedral provide a number of people who speak different type of languages that can walk you around the cathedral, show you different places and also tell you about them. There is different type of languages such as: English Dutch Hungarian Chinese Latvian French Italian Czech Japanese Portuguese German Spanish Polish Russian Danish They also have facilities for disabled people such as: Easy access to every attraction and everything in the cathedral and outside it. Toilets are available at all time. You can also hire wheelchair. They have a dog assistant to walk you around. They have Braille leaflets and books for people who can't hear and talk. There are shops and a restaurant inn the cathedral incase you want to have a little rest and eat something. Cost living: Tower tour: à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½8 adults, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6 children/seniors Cathedral: its allows you to make a donation of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5 for adults, à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½4.25 elder and students and children 5-17 only if you want to. Image: People like families and schoolchildren, would rather go and spend time at Drayton Manor than Salisbury Park because Salisbury is a religious place and it attracts cultural people who like history. Drayton Manor Park is surrounded by hotels, restaurants shops which is good incase for families as they will have a place to stay, where to shop and where to eat.

Human Resource Management and Organizational Change

Human Resource Management and Organizational Change Introduction The human resource management is responsible for managing the human resources of an organization. The HRM aims at improving the performance of an organization through effective management of human resource. It is involved in job description in an organization, planning and recruitment of employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Management and Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Risher (23), strategic human resource management involves merging the corporate strategy and the HRM strategy. The policies of HRM should be well defined for intended outcome to be realized. This study aims at examining the importance of human resource management with regard to change in organizations. The study will focus on change process and would highlight a case of successful change process that involved human resource management in Ford Motors Corporation. Human Resource Manag ement Employees are the most valued asset of an organization. According to Greer (21), human resource management is â€Å"a strategic and coherent approach to the management of the most valued asset of an organization.† Not all the management staffs of an organization are concerned with the firm. The HRM is concerned with managing the workforce in the organization. The strategy involves policies laid down by the organization with a philosophical and ideological underpinning. HRM is mainly made of four component that include beliefs, information on people management, involvement of line managers and shaping of the employment relationships through set levers. A HRM system comprises of HR philosophies, strategies, policies, processes, practices and programmes. According to Becker and Gerhart (792), the components can be categorized into three groups that are the HR system architecture, policies and processes (practices). HRM emphasizes that firm workers are important in achievin g the mandate of the organization through sustainable competitive advantage. There is need for integration of HRM strategy with the corporate strategy of the organization. HRM helps the organization attain the necessary integration. Managing employees is not different from managing other resources of the organization. However, the differences arise in the nature of the resources being managed, i.e. people. Since the behaviour and the performance of the human resource depends on factors such as motivation, ability, perception of roles and situational contingencies, HRM is concerned with ensuring the resources are productive by providing necessary support (Zheng Yand and McLean 33). The human resource of an organization is involved in various activities such as staffing of employees and enhancing their training. This involves recruitment of new company employees by selecting knowledgeable and skilled individuals with experience to fill up vacant positions in the firm. The success of a recruitment exercise depends on planning, analysis of the job, recruitment and selection of the required staff (Risher 26).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other duties of the HRM is offering rewards to motivate employees, developing employees through education and training, maintain employees in the organization through proper administration and enhancing employee management relations. Under employee relations, HRM is responsible for spearheading participation of employees in trade unions through negotiations. In spite of all these roles, the activities that the human resource management is involved in vary from one organization to another. Moreover, HRM emphasizes on high employee commitment, workplace learning and enlightened leadership in an organization. There are several HRM models. The Fombrun, Tichy and Devana model give emphasis to interrelatedness and co herence of GRM activities. In this model, HRM is made of four components that are employee selection, appraisal, development and their rewards. The four components aim at increasing the performance of an organization. The Harvard HRM model has six components that include evaluation of situational factors, taking into account the interests of the stakeholder, HRM policies, and the outcomes of HR activities, long-term consequences and utilization of the feedback by the firm. Similar to the Harvard HRM model, The Warwick model has five components that include the analysis of the organization’s environment internally and externally, business strategy and HRM content. All those internal or external factors that affect effectiveness of the human resources are usually considered under this model (Risher 27). International Human Resource Management As explained above, globalization has is a common of the modern business environment as businesses are able to conduct business globally. Countries have opened up their borders for international trade and companies are able to operate in different markets other than their domestic markets. Many organizations have ventured into other global markets by establishing subsidiaries across the globe in different regions. Apart from the ability of firms to operate globally, globalization has enabled mobility of factors of production including labour. Employees could move from one country or region to work and operate in another. Due to mobility of labour, firms must adjust their human resource policies from the local or country of origin policies to international HRM that incorporates international regulations concerning employee relations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resource Management and Organizational Change specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the international HRM, multinational organizations manage their employees in different countries of o peration based on the country or region’s employee relations. The international human resource management incorporates all aspects of managing human resources at the global level including use of employee databases that are managed using information systems. An organization utilizing IHRM usually ensures to comply with HRM and legal regulations applied in the country of operation. Therefore, IHRM could be said to be applied by multinational corporations operating at a local level while observing international regulations governing HRM. Strategy and International HRM The word strategy was added to HRM to indicate the need to establish a relationship between the external strategy of an organization and the internal Human resource strategy. According to Armstrong (121), the HRM policies and practices must fit into the company’s strategy as applied in the external business environment. The immediate business condition faced by the organization in the external environment m ust be taken into consideration in order to attain the necessary competitive advantage. Bratton and Gold (93) adds that strategic planning as applied in the normal HRM only considers quantitative aspects of finance, marketing and productivity in the organization with less attention being given to the qualitative dimension such organizational culture, the value system of the firm and power depicted by company management. In addition, unless the human resource section of the firm is involved in the strategic planning of the organization, it is difficult to achieve the strategic plans. Strategic HRM involves cohesiveness of HR policies and practices, internalization of the role played by HR in the firm and employee integration. Cohesiveness is concerned with ensuring that HRM practices complement the company’s practices and policies. The integration of workers ensures that there is identity of interest for the firm and its human resources. The matching model is used to describe the nature of any element of integration and the strategic planning and HRM link (Armstrong 123). The Matching Model Under this model, it is assumed that countries that experience high wages for employees are able to gain a competitive advantage through utilization of Porter’s generic strategies of cost effectiveness and differentiation of products. However, each of Porter’s strategy requires a unique set of responses from employees in order to reinforce the behaviour pattern. HRM is responsible for matching the reciprocal employee behaviour to the application of generic strategies of Porter to organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To achieve this, HRM begins by matching the philosophy, policies, programs its practices and the five P’s so that the outcome stimulates and motivates the behaviour of employees towards each individual competitive strategy. Rynes et al. (382) postulates that the HRM practices and policies of an organization should be configured and managed in a manner that is congruent to the particular strategy of Porter. Thus, the HRM practices should match the strategies of an organization in order to gain a competitive advantage and performance. In summary, the basic of the matching model is the fit between the external strategies of the firm and the internal strategies that include HRM strategies. In spite of the benefits of the matching HRM model, Bratton and Gold (99) argues that the matching model is based on a rational view of strategic decision making that is also based on predispositions and planning actions. Moreover, it is argued that the strategic decisions (both the firmâ€℠¢s and for HRM) are affected by organizational politics hence lack of clarity in terms of environmental influences. Resource based Model of International HRM This model calls the attention of the strategic nature of employees of an organization and the importance of learning at the work place. Organizations possess unique competencies in their employees that enable them gain a competitive advantage over their competitors in an industry. The competitiveness of employees is depicted by their knowledge and skills that ensure an organization lead in innovative products. The resourcefulness of employees can be increased through work place learning and education. According to Bratton and Gold (102), it is not possible to achieve the competitive advantage of an organization by analyzing the external environment alone, but by including the analysis of the company’s skills and capabilities carefully. Therefore, in terms of a SWOT analysis, the matching model emphasized on the opportun ities and threats facing the firm from the external environment while resource approach emphasizes the examination of internal strengths and weaknesses of a firm to form a competitive advantage. Strategy in IHRM and Organizational Performance According to Armstrong (127), most HRM models make an assumption that an alignment between the strategies of the organization and HRM strategies could improve the competitiveness of the organization hence improved performance. The resource-based model indicates that there exists a causal chain of policies of team empowerment, education and learning at work, commitment of employees, synergy and improved performance of an organization. The cycle is called involvement – commitment cycle. According to Sims (376), it is important that employees be committed to the organization because through commitment, they will share the goal and objectives of the organization. The employees will then be loyal hence improving the performance of the firm. T hrough commitment, workers can show dignity, self worth and psychological involvement n the activities of the organization (Rynes et al 374). According to Rogers and Wright (1998), HRM assumes that employees are an important resource to an organization and the performance of the firm depends on them. The positive impact of HRM on the performance of the firm depends on formulation of appropriate policies and processes and their effective implementation. In a study conducted by Farnham (56) to find out the existing relationship between HRM and organizational performance, it was established that it is not easy to measure the impact of HRM practices on the performance of an organization. Doubts have been made concerning the validity of some studies. According to Armstrong (159), surveys that only ask about the number of the extent of HR practices are not sufficient to understand the existing link between HRM and performance of a company. Change Management The improvement of business pro cesses in an organization has not been smooth for most firms. As the management of an organization introduces change in the company, there is always resistance to change with most employees opting to remain with the current processes of the firm. Change Management Process In order to apply the required change, an organization needs to identify the problem it is facing in order to find and develop the best solution to the problems. According to Brown and Kusiak (77), lack of proper diagnosis of the problem could lead to implementation of the wrong process in the organization. The outcome could worsen performance rather than improve the performance of the organization. The problem identification process involves various steps as outlined below. Problem Identification Organizations face many issues some of which are complex while others are simple. The identification of problems of the firm needs to be followed by prioritizing the issues so that the company can make decision on which issues to be solved first. Symptoms: the establishing of the issues affecting the organization needs to be followed by diagnosing the features or symptoms of the problem. The symptoms of the problems of the firm should be distinguished from the causes of the problem. According to Brown and Kusiak (82), business analysts usually hear many issues affecting, the firm and they give many solutions. It is important that the firm does not ignore any solution given. However, the solution provided should be argued out with the management of an organization in order to establish its effectiveness (Boeker 155). Alternatives: after serious analysis of a given situation in an organization and hearing possible solutions from a business analyst, it is important that the organization develop alternatives for its problems. The approaches that could solve the problem of an organization could come with different consequences and costs that make it necessary for the management to discuss each alternat ive exclusively. After discussion of each alternative, it is important that the management make a decision regarding the best solution to fix its issues. The decision should be based on the best approach that solves the problem affecting the firm while leaving it with the least negative effects. The decision made should be followed by implementation and follow up of the effectiveness of the approach. According to Brown and Kusiak (83), follow up is important for organization to ensure that the approach follows the set guidelines and that it has no side effects. In the process of solving an issue that affects an organization and effects change in the firm, firms do use various methods. Some approaches include cause effect approach and business process reengineering. Reengineering According to Hammer and Champy (2), process improvement in organization requires reengineering, which is defined as the ability of an organization to disregards all its assumptions and traditional way of doi ng business and instead developing and adopting a new process centred business organization. The adopted new process should help an organization improve its performance. In order to achieve the required process reengineering for an organization, an organization needs to adopt a fresh perspective and approach. In order to acquire change through process reengineering, it is necessary that an organization rethink and establish radical redesigning of its processes in order to generate the required dramatic improvements. The process could be well illustrated in the figure below. As indicated in the above diagram, Hammer and Champy (3) notes that reengineering requires starting over for an organization. In order for an organization to succeed in the modern environment, there is need for its processes to be fast, of high quality, flexible and of low cost. The initial phases of organizational change began long time ago with Adam Smith who proposed labour specialization, followed by establi shment of infrastructure, the assembly line and hierarchical structure of the firm. In spite of the importance of these principles, their application in the modern business environment could result in delays, rigidity and high overhead costs in the production process. The first step of reengineering begins with the focus on the fundamentals of the company. The fundamentals of an organization relate to the main activities of the firm, why they are done the way they are and the tacit rules and assumptions of present activities. According to Hammer and Champy (4), reengineering concentrates on what ought to be or should be done and ignores what is done. The radical redesign phase is concerned with the reinvention of the organization. This does not involve making of superficial changes or marginal enhancements to the firm but changes and designs that enhance new features of the organization. The potential dramatic result is the phase that the firm realizes the outcome of reengineering. According to Piderit (202), reengineering leads to quantum leaps in the performance of an organization rather than incremental improvements. Business process orientation involves evolving of the firm around its business processes. The processes undertake inputs in order to generate valuable outputs to the customer. In order for a business process to work, it must produce added value rather than internal activity. Successful Reengineering Process: Ford Motor Corporation Ford Motor Corporation applied the process analysis and problem solving in the 1980s by examining its employee accounts of about 500 employees. After a careful examination of the accounts payables, it was revealed that the company took much of the time in the department to track down discrepancies between orders that were purchased, shipping receipts and invoices. The realization of the problem led to a rethink of possible solutions and reengineering was the only viable solution (Ford Ford and D’amelo 372). The company took various steps as explained below. The management began by establishing an online database mainly for the purchase orders whereby all orders issued by buyers were recorded in the database. Goods were received at the dock while there was an individual to check in the database. The match of the shipment and what is in the database led to the reception of the goods and vice versa. This eliminated possibilities of any discrepancies between orders that were made and received. Once the shipment is received, the database is updated immediately to reflect the change. In addition, a check was generated automatically and issued to the vendor in time. The process improvement applied by Ford Motor Corporation was a success. This is because the head count people in the purchasing department reduced drastically from 500 to 125 employees with efficiency in time management being improved dramatically. According to Piderit (785), the reengineering process as applied at Ford Motor Corp oration is a lesson to be emulated by many firms wishing to reengineer their processes. The changes that the company implemented could not have been achieved without the aid of the modern information technology. The process reengineering reflects old processes that have undergone new wrinkles. Conclusion The modern business environment is dynamic and full of many challenges that organizations needs to develop different mechanisms of solving their issues. The process of solving a problem involves first identifying the issue affecting the corporation and determining possible ways of solving the issues. Out of the many alternatives, the management could choose one. Process improvement and reengineering is one of the many methods of solving issues affecting the firm. The reengineering process is vital since it helps an organization develop new processes and frameworks of the firm. Ford Motors in the 1980s in which it introduced new process of recording purchases thereby ending up cuttin g down its costs dramatically conducted one of the successful reengineering. Reengineering process could be accompanied by knowledge and innovation. Armstrong, Michael. A Hand Book of Human Resource Management Practice. 10th ed. London: Kogan Page. 2006. Print. Becker, Brian, and Gerhart, Barry. â€Å"The impact of human resource management on organizational performance: progress and prospects.† Academy of Management Journal 39.4 (1996): 779–801. Print. Boeker, Warren. â€Å"Strategic change: The influence of managerial characteristics and organizational growth.† Academy of Management Journal 40.1 (1997): 152-170. Print. Bratton, John, and Gold, Jeffery. Human Resource management: Theory and Practice. 2nd ed. New Jersey, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers. 1999. Print. Brown Derrick and Kusiak, Jan. Problem Analysis Techniques. London: IRM Training Pty Ltd. 2007. Print. Farnham, David. Employee Relations in Context. 2nd ed. London: Institute of P ersonnel and Development. 2000. Print. Ford, Jeffery, Ford, Laurie and D’amelo, Aangelo. â€Å"Resistance to Change: The rest of the Story.† Academy of Management 33.2 (2008): 362-377. Print. Greer, Charles. Strategic Human Resource Management. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. 2001. Print. Hammer, Michael, and Champy, James. ‘Reengineering the Corporation: A manifesto for business revolution’, 2000. Web. Piderit, Sandy. â€Å"Rethinking resistance and recognizing ambivalence: a multidimensional view of attitudes toward an organizational change.† Academy of Management Review 25.4 (2000): 783-794. Print. Risher, Howard. â€Å"Re-focusing performance management for high performance.† Compensation and Benefits Review 35.5 (2003): 20–30. Print. Rynes, Sara. et al. â€Å"The importance of pay in employee Motivation: discrepancies between what people say and what they do.† Human Resource Management 43.4 (20044): 381â€⠀œ394. Print. Sims, Ronald. â€Å"Human resource management’s role in clarifying the new psychological contract.† Human Resource Management 33.3 (1994): 373–382. Print. Zheng, Wei, Yand, Baiyin and McLean, Gary. â€Å"Linking organizational culture, structure, strategy, and organizational effectiveness: Mediating role of knowledge management.† Journal of Business 63.7 (2009): 30-39. Print.

How To Write Good Literature Review And Its Guidelines - Paperell.com

How To Write Good Literature Review And Its Guidelines How To Write Good Literature Review And Its Guidelines Facing issues with this task is not something odd as in the process of writing our own studies, we need to read a lot of studies written by other people. It is okay to use other people’s ideas as a basis for your work. We can use fragments from them, we may agree or disagree with the authors, but we always use research of other people to build our own essays or other papers. However, this does not mean copying someone’s paper. Besides, it is a good opportunity to learn to work with sources, show your skills in it, and prove your reliability as a student.What makes it a responsible task? The literature review can show that you have read necessary books and other works related to your research. It also helps to give more information on your research that you gave in the introduction of your project. This kind of paper also has its specific structure, which students can miss out, while expert writers from the dissertation writing service are aware of this structure and und erstand how to write good literature review guidelines in short terms. In this paper, you can provide a critique of literature you read. It also ensures your readers that you didn’t copy any fragments of other works illegally or did research that has already been done by other scientists. Otherwise, you may be accused of plagiarism. If you have made a decision to turn to professional writers to write your dissertation online, you need to know the topic and other key information on your literature review.General Guidelines For Writing A Literature ReviewBefore writing, you need to know the preferred number of pages and the correct formatting for your work. This is vital. Each teacher can have their specific requirements so before starting, you need to know what they want from you and what formatting you are going to use. You can read examples of other literature reviews to learn the structure, proper formatting, and referring to sources in such papers. What else to keep in min d? You can divide your literature review into the three big sections: introduction, body, and conclusion. In the introduction, focus on your topic and its meaning and provide more details to understand background and history of a research. The body paragraph is the most important one. In the body of your paper, you can show the current state of knowledge in this area, major trends, and recent findings. What’s next? In the conclusion, you can discuss two previous sections and show their meaning for your subject. You should not only provide the sources connected with your work but also show their role in your project and the specific area of science. All information has to be relevant. You can highlight key findings, critique the sources, show your opinion and understanding. If you are going to write a good paper, look for other guidelines for writing on the Internet and ask your instructor for more information about your requirements. This should help you cope with the task ea sier.Steps To Writing An Effective Literature ReviewFind a topic you can handle and then you will need to find the literature and other sources for it. You can use the computer database of your college or university. The Internet gives you a lot of possibilities to find many academic papers written in other universities.You can’t work with all found sources in your paper, especially if there are too many items. You should focus and select the most interesting and significant sources. Gather sources that have the biggest meaning for your projectIf you need to learn how to do a literature review, start from planning. Clarify how many sources you need! It is also important to find out what types of sources you can discuss in the paper and read samples of other papers similar to yours. This will help you a lot!Read the selected papers to see methodologies do they use, what are the most recent research findings that they provide, who are the most significant experts in the field, and what are current trends and discussed theories. Organize your sources so you can write a literature review.Create your thesis statement, and then develop your headings and subheadings. When you have a good plan for your paper, you can start writing the introduction, body, and the conclusion by describing and discussing your sources and their significance. When the work is done, don’t forget to read your paper several times and revise it if necessary, check for grammar errors, and other mistakes. This will help you make your text flawless.ConclusionThe last but not less significant aspect to keep in mind is that when writing a literature review, you can provide a critique and discussion of other works. It is a key task to select the specific sources because you can’t put all of them in your work. You may need to write a lot of essays to find out the key trends in your subject, the most notable authors, the most discussed theories, and the recent findings that have a big role for science and have to be discussed. What do you need to successfully finish this task? No matter what is your subject or theme, before writing, you need to know the correct literature review format, the number of pages and sources of your paper, and the purposes. It is important to follow all these guidelines. Thus, make sure that you understand your requirements before you start working on your paper because there are different types of literature reviews and they may have different requirements. Also, look for samples to make it even easier. You should work well on organizing your paper – you can use any method of data organization for this purpose, for example, you can organize the sources by the time of publication, trends and topics, and other parameters. When you have written all the pages, make sure that your literature review is easy to understand, provides only proven facts and reliable sources, doesn’t contain grammatical errors, and meets all for matting rules and other key requirements specified by the instructor or another person.

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List

Biological Weapons - Description and Potential List Biological Weapons Biological weapons are toxic materials produced from pathogenic organisms (usually microbes) or artificially manufactured toxic substances that are used to intentionally interfere with the biological processes of a host. These substances work to kill or incapacitate the host. Biological weapons may be used to target living organisms including humans, animals, or vegetation. They may also be used to contaminate nonliving substances such as air, water and soil. Microscopic Weapons There are a variety of microorganisms that can be used as biological weapons. Agents are commonly chosen because they are highly toxic, easily obtainable and inexpensive to produce, easily transferable from person to person, can be dispersed in aerosol form, or have no known vaccine. Common microbes used as biological weapons include: Bacteria -  these prokaryotic organisms  are capable of infecting cells and causing disease. Bacteria cause diseases such as anthrax and botulism. Viruses - are  about 1,000 times smaller than bacteria and require a host to replicate. They are responsible for disease including smallpox,  flesh-eating disease, Ebloa disease, and Zika disease. Fungi - some of these  eukaryotic organisms  contain deadly toxins that are harmful to plants, animals, and humans. They cause diseases such as  rice blast, wheat  stem rust,  aspergillosis (caused by inhaling fungal  spores), and bovine foot rot. Toxins - poisonous substances that can be extracted from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi. Toxic substances that can be used as biological weapons include ricin and venom from animals such as snakes and spiders. Distribution Methods While it is possible to develop biological weapons from microbes,  finding a means of distributing the substances is difficult. One possible way is through aerosols. This can be ineffective as the materials often get clogged when spraying. Biological agents distributed by air may also be destroyed by UV light or rain may wash them away. Another method of distribution may be to attach the toxins to a bomb so that they may be released upon explosion. The problem with this is that the microbes will most likely be destroyed by the explosion as well. Toxins could be used to contaminate food and water supplies. This method would require extremely large amounts of toxin for a large scale attack. Protective Measures A number of measures can be taken to protect individuals against biological attacks. Should an aerosol attack occur, removing your clothing and showering are good methods for removing toxins. Biological weapons dont typically adhere to clothing or skin, but can be dangerous should they enter cuts or lesions on the skin. Protective clothing, such as masks and gloves, can provide protection against airborne particles. Other types of protective measures include administering  antibiotics and vaccines. Potential Biological Weapons Below is a list of a few biological organisms that may potentially be used as biological weapons. Microbe Natural Environment Target Host Mode of Contraction Diseases/Symptoms Anthrax Bacillus anthracis Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds, Inhalation Pulmonary Anthrax Septicemia, Flu-like symptoms Clostridium botulinum Soil Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation Clostridium perfringens Intestines of humans and other animals, Soil Humans, Domestic Animals Open Wounds Gas gangrene, Severe Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea RICIN Protein Toxin Extracted from Castor Bean Plants Humans Contaminated Food or Water, Inhalation, Injection Severe Abdominal Pain, Watery and Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting, Weakness, Fever, Cough, and Pulmonary Edema Smallpox Eradicated from Nature, Now Obtained from Laboratory Stockpiles Humans Direct Contact with Bodily Fluids or Contaminated Objects, Inhalation Persistent Fever, Vomiting, Rash on Tongue and in Mouth, Rash and Bumps on Skin

Strategies for Implementing Accounting Software Systems in Small to Essay

Strategies for Implementing Accounting Software Systems in Small to Medium Enterprises - Essay Example However, formulating and executing implementation strategies for accounting software are important in maximizing the accounting efficiency of an SME. Problem to be Solved and Worth - In this highly developed economy, there is an influx of accounting software packages tailored to the needs of various customers. This wide array of choices leads to the dilemma of picking out the 'right' software system for small to medium business operations which in turn, brings the more difficult issue of crafting implementation strategies for the accounting software. This problem requires intensive research as it provides better understanding of the relationship between accounting efficiency and strategies of software implementation. Idea for Action and Data Outline - First, the researcher will conduct interviews with 10 to 15 SMEs to gather the required data for the study. The interview is expected to generate a list of implementation strategies employed by these companies. Then, the effectiveness of strategies will be evaluated and compared by measuring the SMEs' accounting efficiency based on the data gathered in the interview. For that purpose, the researcher will devise a measuring system with the help of secondary data gathered in the review of literature. ... The result of analysis will be utilized in the final report to recommend implementation strategies which should be executed and should be eliminated in the accounting processes of the SMEs. Context: Setting, Background and Scope The proposed project will be based in the analysis of the accounting efficiency of SMEs contacted for the research. SMEs to be interviewed will come from various industries in the economy. Although time constraints will not allow contacting a large number of SMEs for the research to come up with a more statistically accurate result, the project will be able to identify the most general trends in accounting software strategies. These trends will be processed and analyzed as factors influencing the accounting performance of SMEs, i.e. by looking on their effectiveness. The measuring system developed in this project will particularly reveal the differences in accounting efficiency as a result of the execution of different implementation strategies. Project Strategic IT Value and Intention The result of the proposed research will be presented in the form of a report which analyzes the software strategies employed by SMEs including the recommendations developed during the research. This set of recommendations will be a useful contribution to the general theory of software implementation strategies as it will aid SMEs to develop strategic approaches in choosing suitable accounting software and devising implementation strategies to enhance accounting efficiency. It can be noted that theoretical frameworks have been mainly concentrating in the general benefits of strategic approach to software implementation. For example, Jones (2005) advises small

Unit 4-Money & Finance (ASUSTek) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Unit 4-Money & Finance (ASUSTek) - Research Paper Example In 2013, the companys profit index was 59, 570.1 (ASUSTek Computer Inc, 2015). Consequently, the profit margin in 2014 was 65, 383.8 was a significant increase from the year 2013. The sales in 2013 were impressive as most of the products in various markets were sold off. The company sold about 50% of its stock in 2013. In 2014, the companys stock positive rallied with the market registering 63% of the sales (ASUSTek Computer Inc, 2015). The companys profit index has been on the incline over the last two years. In 2013, the company had a profit margin of about 59, 570.1. ASUSTek was productive in the subsequent year gaining by almost 3% to register a profit margin of 65, 383.8 (ASUSTek Computer Inc, 2015). The companys productivity can be linked to better strategic orientation and planning. ASUSTek Computer Inc uses its resource to create revenues based on a combination of factors. Most of the companys resources go into the development of strategies aimed at enhancing the organizations productivity. The company conducts frequent market surveys to determine key sectors of the market that require certain products (Global Sources, 2010). Consequently, the company employs its resources to promote its products through advertisements and branding. Moreover, most of the resources are used in the technological processes. Such tendencies aid the company to gain leverage over other entities in the market. One of the most important lessons learned about the company is that it has continued to grow over the past few years after the recession period. Over the past four years, the companys profit index has significantly increased effectively making it one of the global market leaders. The companys growth can be linked to the unique strategic instruments employed by the company. The areas of promotion, pricing and distribution mix are key to the companys productivity in the market. The company has registered significant

Critical analysis of Yemens current Military Capabilities Research Paper

Critical analysis of Yemens current Military Capabilities - Research Paper Example The Yemen military has demonstrated that it follows the basic doctrine of the Yemen armed forces. The military uses different weapons, artilleries and ballistic missile, during the wars and conflicts to reduce the strength and fighting capabilities of the rivals. The military doctrine of Yemen shows that the armed forces have compulsory reserve training for several specialist groups. After the civil war a series of proclamations was issues by the Councils of Ministers in 1994 that provide the guidelines for the organization of the armed forces and the allocation of the authorities to different personnel (Nation Master, 2010). The military of Yemen has been divided in two three branches including army, navy and air force. The warfare proficiency of these three branches of Yemen army is discussed below The Yemen air force has been given the name al-Quwwat al-Jawwiya al-Yamaniya. The army was created in 1926 however; the unified air force was created in 1990 after the unification of South and North Yemen. Since its establishment in 1926 the air force has received several weapons from different western and gulf region countries (Damen, 2008). The northern Yemen Arab Republic Air Force (YARAF) got MiG-15, MiG-17 MiG-21s from Russia and F-5E and F-5B and two C-130H Hercules Transport aircraft from Saudi Arab. The Southern air force got BAC 167 Strike master Mk81s, DHC-2 Beavers, Jet Provost Mk52As and Bell 47G helicopters from the British government. The Yemen air force employs 3500 personnel. An air defense force is also included in the Yemen air force. After the union of the south and north Yemen, the navy is more focused towards getting more MiG-29s. It has modified the MiG-29s that could attach air as well as land targets. These equipments have proved their significance in the fight against terrorism and Sah’da conflict. In 2004, Yemen received first MiG-29SMT whereas two MiG-29UBs are also modified to take them to the SMT standards. The

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 143

Summary - Essay Example In order to attain the primary aim of the research, questions such as â€Å"what is the median temperature at which intracellular ice formation occurs in human oocytes?† â€Å"How readily does intracellular ice formation (IIF) occur in human oocytes?† and â€Å"what is the effect of extracellular seeding on human oocytes?† (Trad et al. 1572-73). These questions were answered through an experimental design that used failed-to-fertilize and fresh oocytes with a germinal vesicle and polyspermic eggs. This design included visualization of how IFF first occurred at a cooling rate of 120OC/min using a programmable thermal microscope stage attached to a video microscope (Trad et al. 1574). It also involved execution of extracellular seeding at a cooling rate of 0.2 OC/min in order to decrease the occurrence of IIF and in turn increase survival rates of the freeze-thawed human oocytes. The design also used distinct cryoprotectants and decreased the median temperature in both mouse and human oocytes (Trad et al. 1575). The study portrayed that IIF occurs enthusiastically in human oocytes, and detrimental IIF can be avoided, and survival rates maximized. The results portrayed a 78%, 33% and 0% occurrence of IIF, and the 24 h post-thaw survival rate was 32%, 56%, and 93% respectively (Trad et al. 1576). Trad, Fouad  S., Mehmet Toner, and John  D. Biggers. "Effects of cryoprotectants and ice-seeding temperature on intracellular freezing and survival of human oocytes." Human Reproduction 14.6  (1998): 1569-1577.

Hurling alone critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hurling alone critique - Essay Example Demographic analysis shows that famines has led to the changes in lifestyles and behavior of those of Irish ancestry and, when mixed with stressful environment, this lifestyle is likely to lead to cardiovascular disease. In addition, the article points to the racial approach to various diseases, as some ethnic groups have more obvious predisposition to a certain disease (ibid). As for me, the main controversy underlies in two aforementioned statements: on the one hand, socioeconomic status contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, but racial and ethnic factors are also included, so the real reason for posing Irish people as a risk group is quite vague. Another problem is in comparison itself is the narrowness of analysis: the scholars in fact, attempted to match socioeconomic and health factors, but spoke very little about lifestyle factors and the other important characteristics of each group. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors were reduced to employment and or the presence of another source of income, whereas they have forgotten about the huge Irish heritage, extrapolated to the United States by immigrants: job patterns and perceptions, the overall 'careerism' and the ability to spend leisure time effectively and usefully.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT hw Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT hw - Essay Example invested in this cash conversion cycle, which assumes a 365-day year and are as follows. Inventory = ($10,000,000 *.075 * (60/365) = $1,232,877 + Accounts receivable = (10,000,000 * (40/365) = 1,095,890 -Accounts payable = (10,000,000 * 0.75 *0.65) *35/365 = 467,466 $1,861,301 =Resources Invested Changes in any of the times period will change the resources tied up in operations. If MAX could reduce the average collection period on its accounts receivable by 5 days, it would shorten the cash conversion timeline and thus reduce the amount of resources MAX has invested in operations. For MAX, a 5-day reduction in the average collection period would reduce the number of resources invested in the cash conversion cycle by $136,986 [$10,000,000 *5/365]. This answer is appropriate because the cash conversion cycle is a basis for discussing how the firm funds its required investment in operating assets. First, differentiate between permanent and seasonal funding needs and describe aggressive and conservative seasonal funding strategies (Gitman, 2009). 17. Mad Money CNBC Jim Cramer always believes that there is a bull market somewhere. Jim Cramer wants to help his audience find it. Inside the mind of Jim Cramer, is a report from one of the most successful traders on Wall Street. His goal is to help the watching audience make money on Wall Street. Cramer's Internet site is here to provide Internet users with updates throughout the day of Jim Cramer's Stock Picks. The site provides recaps CNBC's Mad Money. Jim Cramer also sells collectibles on his site. The mad money store has several items of interest to his viewers are sold, for example the talking Jim Cramer bobble head character. If a viewer misses, an episode he tapes them every week and the video will appear on the website, Under Jim Cramer Video collection. Jim Cramer this week visited with his viewers about the deal with T-Mobile and ATT. He referred to this as a good stock buy for this week but warned viewers to w atch the trends on the combined companies. He highlighted the problems revolving around the Middle Eastern crisis. Cramer suggested how to eject them out of power. and how having the United States in the involvement of war with Kaddafi is fueling higher prices, therefore putting a barrel of oil out of everyone's reach. The economy depends on the Middle East oil until the United States authorizes use of the United States own reserves. Japans nuclear crisis is slowly stabilizing, and the country must at the present time focus on repairing the damage wrought by the devastating earthquake. Cramer mentioned the continued barrage of bad news is endlessly bad, therefore making investors fearful. Continued pessimistic approaches to the news are keeping stock prices lower. Although gold and silver, continue to climb. The show will attract more investors, which are trying to day trade or are simply trying investing on their own for the first time. The present economy serving only the rich

Hurling alone critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hurling alone critique - Essay Example Demographic analysis shows that famines has led to the changes in lifestyles and behavior of those of Irish ancestry and, when mixed with stressful environment, this lifestyle is likely to lead to cardiovascular disease. In addition, the article points to the racial approach to various diseases, as some ethnic groups have more obvious predisposition to a certain disease (ibid). As for me, the main controversy underlies in two aforementioned statements: on the one hand, socioeconomic status contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease, but racial and ethnic factors are also included, so the real reason for posing Irish people as a risk group is quite vague. Another problem is in comparison itself is the narrowness of analysis: the scholars in fact, attempted to match socioeconomic and health factors, but spoke very little about lifestyle factors and the other important characteristics of each group. Furthermore, socioeconomic factors were reduced to employment and or the presence of another source of income, whereas they have forgotten about the huge Irish heritage, extrapolated to the United States by immigrants: job patterns and perceptions, the overall 'careerism' and the ability to spend leisure time effectively and usefully.

A report in the form of a business plan to pitch at potential Coursework

A report in the form of a business plan to pitch at potential investors - Coursework Example In addition, the report seeks to pitch for potential investors. The following is a summary of the main points of the proposed marketing plan. Immediate responsiveness, quality service, customer retention, advertising and networking are the keys to success for Royal Consultancy Limited. Fineness in gratifying promise, confidentiality and reliability are central aspects in keys to its success. Royal Consultancy Limited will be founded as a US based international company owned and run by its core shareholders as well as its principal operators. Upon its full writing the plan will incorporate legal formation aspects. In order to ensure Royal Consultancy Limited picks up, the owners will provide part of the funding in form of assets and liquid cash. The financial requirements to get the company started are enormous and as such a short term loan is sought to help secure home equity. This loan will be repaid within three years ones the net returns have increased substantially. To achieve this, aggressive advertising strategies will be formulated taking advantage of competitors’ feebleness. Through effective cost control measures huge net profits will be realised within the first year which increases through the next two years. After a careful analysis of the needs of this project, it was found that the total expenses amounts to $ 80,000. The short term assets is projected to cost $ 4,000 whereas the initial cash that would enable running of consulting services for the first six months is projected to be $ 1,100,000. The table below shows the start-up plan and costs involved Royal Consultancy Limited offers technical assistance in matters related to channel dissemination, development, repairs, training and market expansion. The services will be packaged and sold depending on the customer needs, preference and financial capability. Computer repairs and installation will be conducted onsite as part of our marketing

Reasons for Customer Service Policies

Reasons for Customer Service Policies Customer service is defined by (wiseGEEK. 2017) as the act of providing customers with helpful and positive experience, before after and during purchasing something, others like Staff, I. (2017) said that customer service is the process of ensuring customer satisfaction, anyway we look at it customer service focus on customer satisfaction. This report is based on customer service at Secrets resorts and spas in Montego Bay, where the researcher is a manager and the job description is the promoting of a customer-focused culture and to train and develop staff to provide quality customer service. This report will be in the four-paragraph format and I will discuss the reasons for using customer service policies in this Organization and the importance of having customer service policies in the organization. Research findings: Reasons for customer service policies: Gives a stable competitor advantage. Promotes a good working environment. Increase cost efficiency. (prezi.com, 2017) The importance of having customer service policies in the organization: Make or break a reputation. Customers will pay more for better customer service. Customer service has a big impact. (Desk.com, 2017). In an organization, customer service is the backbone of how the business survives and this is the customer expectation of a business, good customer service and exceeding expectation (Nimetz,2017). Implementing customer service policies so that employees and employers alike will be on the same track as to how the customer service policies work in that organization, there are some reasons as to why customer service policies should be implemented theses are as follows. Customer services policies give a stable competitor advantage, this means that the competitor is selling the same service or product at the same price or maybe in the same location, what would make the difference is the customer service, this is what keeps the customer coming back. customer service policies also promote a good working environment to do this, employers have to motivate staff so that they can provide a good working environment for others and show that they are positive about the company customer service and doing all of this will increase cost efficiency by rising customer retention which will improve profits and in return customers will tell others of the great customer service they receive hence promoting the business (prezi.com, 2017). Conclusion Customer service is very important in the hospitality industry and business overall as customers spend money where they feel valued so implementing policies so that everyone can be on the same page and deliver impeccable customer service is a great idea (Williams, 2017). Customer service policies make or break a reputation, in this modern world where technology is at the tap of the finger and different reviews can be posted right there and then. People are more prompt to post bad reviews and these reviews are what other people view to see if that organization is for them (Desk.com, 2017). It is a fact that customers will pay more if the customer service is much better than the competition that is selling the same product or service.desk.com 2017 states that Surveys have shown that 86 % of consumers would pay more for a better customer experience. People will always pay more if they think that they are getting a value for money which includes premiums experiences, early and better fea ture of whatever service they are purchasing (Desk.com, 2017). The essential point is that customer service has a great impact on the organization, it is a lot cheaper to keep your existing customer than to get new ones, with the cost of advertising and promotion.desk.com, 2017 said that The U.S. Small Business Administration claims 68% of customers leave because theyre upset with the treatment theyve received, this cost business a lot of money trying to build back their reputation and get back customers (Desk.com, 2017).

Treatise for the Christian Soldier in John Milton’s Paradise Lost Essay

Milton's Treatise for the Christian Soldier in Paradise Lost  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚         While the War in Heaven, presented in Book VI of John Milton's Paradise Lost, operates as a refutation of the concept of glory associated with the epic tradition, the episode also serves a major theological purpose. It provides nothing less than a perfect example of how the Christian soldier should act obediently in combating evil, guarding against temptation, and remaining ever vigilant against the forces of darkness. It also offers the ultimate hope that Satan can be thwarted and comforts Christians in the knowledge that Satan cannot be victorious. At the same time, the example warns against the pretensions that Christians might have about being able to overcome Satan by themselves. Christians are reminded that the victory can only be won by the Son of God; at best, they can only confirm their allegiance and obedience to God through their service. Throughout the poem Milton has tried to show two definitions of glory. The first lies in the assumption that war can bring glory to those who perform heroic deeds in its service. This is the view Satan holds, and is evidenced in his words to Abdiel, "But well thou com'st / Before thy fellows, ambitious to win / From me some plume" (vi, 159-161). The second defines glory not as something won, but something given. The Son affirms this definition when he explains to the loyal angels why he alone must end the war: "against me is all their rage, / Because the Father, to whom in Heaven supreme / Kingdom and power and glory appertains, / Hath honored me, according to his will" (vi, 813-816). James Holly Hanford perhaps best describes the conflicted feelings Milton had for war: War, then constituted for Milt... ...on's example and by Milton's manipulation of the elements of the epic tradition. For Milton, putting down the epic tradition in favor of Christian doctrine exemplifies his thoughts on war. As a realistic pacifist, Milton saw war as the result of sin, but knew that because of the presence of sin in a post-lapsarian world, war on earth would only be ended by the Son, just as he ended it in Heaven. Works Cited Fish, Stanley Eugene. Surprised by Sin: The Reader in Paradise Lost. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1967. Hanford, James Holly. "Milton and the Art of War." John Milton, Poet and Humanist: essays by James Holly Hanford. Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve U, 1966. 185-223. Revard, Stella Purce. The War in Heaven. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1980. Rosenburg, D. M. "Epic Warfare in Cowley and Milton." CLIO 22.1 (1992): 67-80.