Positions for and Against Abortion

Many points come up in the abortion debate. Heres a look at abortion from both sides: 10 arguments for abortion and 10 arguments against abortion, for a total of 20 statements that represent a range of topics as seen from both sides. Pro-Life Arguments Since life begins at conception, abortion is akin to murder as it is the act of taking human life. Abortion is in direct defiance of the commonly accepted idea of the sanctity of human lifeNo civilized society permits one human to intentionally harm or take the life of another human without punishment, and abortion is no different.Adoption is a viable alternative to abortion and accomplishes the same result. And with 1.5 million American families wanting to adopt a child, there is no such thing as an unwanted child.An abortion can result in medical complications later in life; the risk of ectopic pregnancies doubles and the chance of a miscarriage and pelvic inflammatory disease also increases.In the instance of rape and incest, proper medical care can ensure that a woman will not get pregnant. Abortion punishes the unborn child who committed no crime; instead, it is the perpetrator who should be punished.Abortion should not be used as another form of contraception.For women who dema nd complete control of their body, control should include preventing the risk of unwanted pregnancy through the responsible use of contraception or, if that is not possible, through abstinence.Many Americans who pay taxes are opposed to abortion, therefore its morally wrong to use tax dollars to fund abortion.Those who choose abortions are often minors or young women with insufficient life experience to understand fully what they are doing. Many have lifelong regrets afterward.Abortion frequently causes intense psychological pain and stress. Pro-Choice Arguments Nearly all abortions take place in the first trimester when a fetus is attached by the placenta and umbilical cord to the mother. As such, its health is dependent on her health, and cannot be regarded as a separate entity as it cannot exist outside her womb.The concept of personhood is different from the concept of human life. Human life occurs at conception, but fertilized eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives and those not implanted are routinely thrown away. Is this murder, and if not, then how is abortion murder?Adoption is not an alternative to abortion because it remains the womans choice whether or not to give her child up for adoption. Statistics show that very few women who give birth choose to give up their babies; less than 3 percent of white unmarried women and less than 2 percent of percent black​ unmarried women.Abortion is a safe medical procedure. The vast majority of women (88 percent) who have an abortion do so in their first trimester. Me dical abortions have less than 0.5 percent risk of serious complications and do not affect a womans health or future ability to become pregnant or give birth.In the case of rape or incest, forcing a woman made pregnant by this violent act would cause further psychological harm to the victim. Often a woman is too afraid to speak up or is unaware she is pregnant, thus the morning after pill is ineffective in these situations.Abortion is not used as a form of contraception. Pregnancy can occur even with responsible contraceptive use. Only 8Â  percent of women who have abortions do not use any form of birth control, and that is due more to individual carelessness than to the availability of abortion.The ability of a woman to have control of her body is critical to civil rights. Take away her reproductive choice and you step onto a slippery slope. If the government can force a woman to continue a pregnancy, what about forcing a woman to use contraception or undergo sterilization?Taxpaye r dollars are used to enable poor women to access the same medical services as rich women, and abortion is one of these services. Funding abortion is no different from funding a war in the Mideast. For those who are opposed, the place to express outrage is in the voting booth.Teenagers who become mothers have grim prospects for the future. They are much more likely to leave school; receive inadequate prenatal care; rely on public assistance to raise a child; develop health problems; or end up divorced.Like any other difficult situation, abortion creates stress. Yet the American Psychological Association found that stress was greatest prior to an abortion and that there was no evidence of post-abortion syndrome.

Essay about Freedom and Slavery - 772 Words

History 141 Freedom and Slavery The United States promotes that freedom is a right deserved by all humanity. Throughout the history of America the government has found ways to deprive selected people this right by race, gender, class and in other ways as well for its own benefit. This is a boundary of freedom. Boundaries of freedom outline who is able to enjoy their freedom and who isn’t. These people alter with time and as history unfolds. Slavery and the journey of their freedom was a big part of the foundation of the United States. At the beginning of the Civil War, Lincoln’s goal was to restore the Union and planned on keeping slavery present in the states. African American’s journey to freedom and what freedom means was a long†¦show more content†¦They could not rebel without repercussions and could not betray or leave their owner. They had free labor that could not go anywhere; slavery was a huge benefit and was like a dream for a plantation owner. They were essential to product ion and cultivation of crops and plantations. By 1700, slavery was existent in all of the colonies. The House of Burgesses realized that slaves were an extremely important part of the labor force and therefore, to the economy. A new slave code was enacted in 1705 stating that slaves were property of their owners and to the white community. Slaves were the legal responsibility of the master and if they started to rebel it was the master’s obligation to keep them in line. Slavery also brought a new division of people to the New World. The slaves that were transported to the colonies for labor were not all from the same culture, race or society. They spoke different languages, had diverse customs and had many various religions. Many of these people would have never come in contact with each other if not for this slave trade. An overall stereotype of African’s was what they now where known as. There cultures and ideologies emerged into a single background and ancestry for people born into this lifestyle and they no longer came from different tribes or kinships. There new culture was based on African traditions, English fundamentals and American standards. This could almost be considered as the first installmentShow MoreRelatedSlavery and Freedom868 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican slavery and American freedom go together hand in hand. Morgan argues that many historians seem to ignore writing about the early development of American freedom simply b ecause it was shaped by the rise of slavery. It seems ironic that while one group of people is trying to break the mold and become liberated, that same group is making others confined and shattering their respectability. The aspects of liberty, race, and slavery are closely intertwined in the essay, Slavery and Freedom: TheRead MoreSlavery Fight for Freedom804 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery Fight for Freedom During the course of the slave trade millions of Africans became involuntary immigrants to the New World. Some African captives resisted enslavement by fleeing from slave forts on the coast of West African. Others mutinied on board slave trading vessels, or cast themselves into the ocean, rather facing death than enslavement. In the New World there were those who ran away from their owners, ran away among the Indians, formed maroon societies, revolted, feigned sicknessRead MoreSlavery And The End Of Freedom912 Words   |  4 Pagespeaceful life in which they were able to enjoy their freedom. However, their lives rapidly changed when Europeans arrived in their homeland. The early sixteen hundreds was the beginning of slavery and the end of freedom for many Africans. Getting shipped into a new country against your will would certainly be a traumatic and painful adjustment. The Africans had to overcome unfathomable obstacles just to survive the journey to America. Slavery was just gain ing popularity in this time period, seeingRead MoreThe Dichotomy Of Freedom And Slavery Essay2041 Words   |  9 PagesThe dichotomy of freedom and slavery in rhetoric and rise of the United States of America has long been an enigma, a source of endless debate for scholars and citizens alike who wonder how a nation steeped in the ideals of republicanism could so easily subjugate and enslave an entire group of people. The Chesapeake region was home to America’s great statesmen, men who espoused ideals of freedom and liberty from tyranny. Yet at the same time, these men held hundreds of men, women, and children inRead MoreSlavery Is The Key For Achieving Freedom1672 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause we have to. But 200 years ago, things were much different. Slavery unfortunately existed in our society, and slaves weren’t granted the gift of education. By not having an education, they were not able to completely understand their situation, and therefore unable to get out of it. Slaves had a limited option in achieving freedom, and in order to do so, they had to become educated, enough to be able to understand slavery, and they had to be religious to be able to see through the hypocrisyRead MoreHistory: Slavery and American Freedom1104 Words   |  5 PagesSummary I American Slavery, American Freedom written by Edmund S. Morgan captures the history of Virginia while keeping focusing on the social and political elements that uplifted the way of slavery. With the focus on Virginia, the book also probes the central paradox of American history: how a people could have developed the dedication to human liberty and dignity exhibited by the leaders of the American Revolution and at the same time have developed and maintained a system of labor that deniedRead MoreAmerican Slavery, American Freedom Essay1174 Words   |  5 PagesEdmund S. Morgan’s famous novel American Slavery, American Freedom was published by Norton in 1975, and since then has been a compelling scholarship in which he portrays how the first stages of America began to develop and prosper. Within his researched narrative, Morgan displays the question of how society with the influence of the leaders of the American Revolution, could have grown so devoted to human freedom while at the same time conformed to a system of labor that fully revoked human dignityRead More Slavery Fight For Freedom Essay802 Words   |  4 Pages Slavery Fight for Freedom During the course of the slave trade millions of Africans became involuntary immigrants to the New World. Some African captives resisted enslavement by fleeing from slave forts on the coast of West African. Others mutinied on board slave trading vessels, or cast themselves into the ocean, rather facing death than enslavement. In the New World there were those who ran away from their owners, ran away among the Indians, formed maroon societies, revolted, feigned sicknessRead MoreSlavery, Freedom And Sectional Conflict2170 Words   |  9 PagesSlavery, Freedom and Sectional Conflict in America prior to the Civil War In the United States of America after the Revolutionary War, freedom was a very relative term. According to the constitution all men were created equal and therefore all men are free. However, in this time prior to the American Civil War this was not the case. There existed, what would eventually be called an immoral evil by some abolitionists in, slavery. Slaves were African-Americans brought to the United States, specificallyRead More The Relationship Between Slavery and Freedom Essay852 Words   |  4 PagesBetween Slavery and Freedom For Edmund S. Morgan American slavery and American freedom go together hand in hand. Morgan argues that many historians seem to ignore writing about the early development of American freedom simply because it was shaped by the rise of slavery. It seems ironic that while one group of people is trying to break the mold and become liberated, that same group is making others confined and shattering their respectability. The aspects of liberty, race, and slavery are closely

Psychology, Nature Vs. Nurture Example For Students

Psychology, Nature Vs. Nurture Nightly on the news, you see stories about multiple instances of violence: killings, shootings, murders and such. In the school settings, kids get bullied on the playground or even in the classroom. All of these are forms of aggression, but does anyone stop and think why we are that way? The answer is found in the classic debate in Psychology, Nature vs. Nurture. Aggression is caused by learned behavior, not through genetics. There are two sides of this debate, Nature and Nurture. Nature refers to something that you’re born with and are not able to change. People that follow this are called Nativists. They believe that the traits that you have are passed down through genetics. Nurture means that your personality traits are based on your environment. For example, the conditions under which you were raised. Another factor can be your interactions with people and experiences that happened in childhood. The people that support this idea are called Empiricists (Butler). I side with the Empiricists, that you are able to become a certain way because of your environment. The idea of aggression within Nature vs. Nurture was first tested in an experiment, The Bobo Doll Experiment. There have been multiple studies that test the concept of Nature vs. Nurture. In the Bobo Doll Experiment done in 1961 by Albert Bandura, he wanted to study if aggression is able to be acquired through observation. After the study, he found out that his hypothesis was right, that aggression can be learned through observing. The children that were exposed to seeing an adult in that study being aggressive were aggressive when they were left with the Bobo Doll. Children that were exposed to nice toys, like teacups and dolls were not aggressive towards Bobo. Even though this experiment was done over 50 years ago, it is still valid. There is one thing that is a flaw in this experiment. Some of the kids could have already been afraid of clowns, so they might act more aggressively towards it. Based on my observations, the aggressive personality trait is related to nurture. Some of the traits that people have are based on behavior they have seen or learned from other people. As well, the way that you are raised can be a factor. If you grew up in a house with violence, more than likely you will grow up seeing that as acceptable behavior. Nativists have a valid point when they talk about Nature. The thing is, people do not tend to be the same person all of their lives. Through exposure, your personality traits could change. Also, you more than likely will not have the same friends. You may gain and lose friends over time. Genetically, Aggression can be viewed as a trait. particular gene variants of Pet-1 are associated with excessive anxiety or violent activity in humans, then test to detect these variants might be useful for early diagnosis of people who may be at risk for these abnormal behaviors (USA Today) There are more important traits than anxiety that we need to worry about such as Depression, Schophenia, and Multiple Personality Disorder. These have underlying tones of aggression, but are not passed down genetically. Comparing two studies, the Bobo Doll Experiment and another unnamed experiment, involving families, investigated the Nature vs. Nurture question. Rana and Molhortra mentioned a study by Gauze, Bukowski, Sipolla (1996) that found parental rejection leads to aggressive behavior in children. That is understandable behavior, because the kids are not getting the attention they wanted. Since they are not getting the attention they wanted it could be an act of rebellion, or even how they cope with it. In the Bobo Doll experiment, the children were not with their parents, but role models of the same and opposite sex. With parents and children, their relationships can affect behavior, including aggression. Aggression can also stem from children s relationships with their parents. According to Sengsavand and Krettenaur, Similar to aggression, parent-child relationships can be a major predictor of many developmental domains Parenting can play a huge part in someone s personality and upbringing. If there is a lack of parenting skills, it will end up showing in their children s behavior. Parents may directly or indirectly teach their children to interpret ambiguous social information in a hostile, relationally aggressive manner I agree with this, that children are a product of their own environment. Another place that children can learn from is from peers and classmates. .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 , .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .postImageUrl , .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 , .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:hover , .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:visited , .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:active { border:0!important; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:active , .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336 .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uab19b823a7713f4721a6c29b58737336:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Science Essay TopicThe area as well where kids can learn aggression is from their peers and in the school setting. For age, results revealed that younger children reported significantly higher aggressive intentions than older children. (Charters and Duffy) Children may not be aggressive at all, but are doing so to fit in with their friends. Berkowtiz claimed aggression is not linked to brain structures for aggressive instinct, and that aggression is provoked by external stimuli. (qtd. in Ferguson) Aggressiveness differs between the sexes, and there are different ways that they deal with it. For Boys the relation between the classroom environment and school aggression was explained in part by their influence this environment exerts. (Lopez et al.) Through gender roles, boys are conditioned to be more aggressive and physical than girls. When kids get a cut, boys are told that they just need to get up, rub some dirt in it and get up. If a girl gets hurt, they comfort her and tell her it s okay. Nurture makes more sense than Nature. It reinforces behavior, and emotionally stable children are non-aggressive. Studies show that we would not be the people we are today without positive outside influences. The environment that one grows up is ultimately the number one factor dealing with the person s identity, personality and aggressive behavior. As they say, the apple does not fall far from the tree.

Slade Plating free essay sample

An Analysis of the Slade Plating Department Case John Couchell Wingate University Slade Company is a small but prosperous manufacturer of metal products located in central Michigan. It employs 500 workers who are engaged in producing a large variety of clamps, inserts, knobs and similar items. Despite the success of Slade Company, the manufacturer faces problems in the plating department. The production manager, Ralph Porter, is concerned about dishonesty among employees, abusing the clocking system for logging in the work hours. The typical workweek in the department is 60 hours, with the first 40 hours paid on a straight time basis while additional hours were paid 50% higher (100% higher for weekend work). Typical workdays are from 7. 00 to 7. 00 pm. Since the supervisors leave around 5 pm, one employee can stay late and punch-out for everyone. On the surface, the main problem faced by the company is the abuse of the time clock and the unethical behavior of the employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Slade Plating or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the most significant issue that needs to be resolved in the plating department is how the employees are paid. Pay is considered low for the central Michigan area. Employees typically start a few dollars above minimum wage, with small increases given over time based on seniority and skill. In addition to the low pay, working hours in this department are long. To keep employee training and benefit costs down, the Slade Company practice is to increase overtime rather than hire new employees. Pay is an extremely important issue not just to the Slade employees but to any employee. The low pay has created an atmosphere promoting the unethical behavior. The employees have developed a â€Å"you owe me† attitude. They are intentionally abusing the time clock in order to get what they perceive to be a fair wage. Their actions are also accepted as the norm. The company seems to be overlooking this behavior since the supervisors are leaving before all the work is completed. This action by the company is unacceptable. Higher wages would create a competitive community wage and would reduce the number of hours worked. To further understand the problem within the company, we also need to understand the existing culture. Different informal groups are formed, characterized by different behavior patterns and by ethnicity. The largest group is Sartos, which is named after Tony Sarto, an Italian and the most respected member and arbiter. The group is united, with cultural bounds and common social activities. They share the same working conditions, show solidarity and organized a punch out rotation. They operate as a coherent team to increase their productivity during the peak hours, allowing them to maintain a satisfying production output and self-manage their working hours. Henry Clark an Anglo-Saxon acts as the informal leader on his group, which follows Sarto’s behaviors. However, Clarks group does not have Sartos strong bounds, even though they aspire to. The remainder of the people in the plating department stayed mostly to themselves or associated in pairs or threesomes. The Slade Company management appears to be overlooking the role that group dynamics plays in their operation. In our textbook, the authors (Robbins and Judge) distinguish between different types of groups. They identify two main types of groups, the formal and the informal. The groups in the Slade Company are informal because they are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups naturally form within the company because of a need for social contact. For example, the Sarto group often joined in parties and took weekend trips together. These work groups have properties that shape individual behavior and go a long way toward explaining and predicting individual behavior within the group as well as the performance of the group itself. Some of these properties are roles, norms, status, size and cohesiveness. Roles are the expected behavior patterns attributed to someone occupying a position within the group. Norms are the acceptable behavioral standards that are shared by members of the group. Status is a socially defined position or rank given to the group or it’s members by others. The size of the group affects the group’s overall behavior. Cohesiveness is the degree to which group members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group. Both the Sarto and Clark groups shared these properties. (Robbins and Judge, pp 276-293) Slade’s competitive market is metal product market. It can be analyzed by using Porter’s Five Forces Model: threat of new entrants/potential competitors, internal rivalry and competition among established companies, the bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and threat of substitute products is high. The risk of entry by potential competitors is high. (Recklies, p1). The risk of entry by potential competitors is high. The capital requirement of small metal companies is not high, so building and establishing this kind of company does not need many resources. In addition, brand loyal of the current existence customers is not very strong thus; new entrants are able to compete to enter the market. In addition, the competition between existing players in this industry is high. Many companies produce different kinds of metal products in the market. Besides, the bargaining power of buyers The capital requirement of small metal companies is not high, so building and establishing this kind of company does not need many resources. In addition, brand loyalty by existing customers is not very strong so new entrants are able to compete to enter the market. In addition, the internal rivalry and competition in this industry is high. Many companies produce different kinds of metal products in the market. The bargaining power of buyers is high because product difference for the buyers of the metal products is small and the cost of switching for the buyers is low. It is not easy to differentiate the quality of one metal product from another. The number of substitutes of metal products is also high thus; the buyers have great bargaining power. In addition, the bargaining power of the sources of inputs is high. The switching costs from one supplier to another are high because there are not many substitutes for the particular input for metal products. These five forces explain the wide fluctuation in order quantities and delivery timing priorities. The volume of orders fluctuated in response to business conditions in the primary industries that Slade served. The role of the informal leader appears to be overlooked by management within Slade Company. An informal leader is someone within an organization or work unit who, by virtue of how he or she is perceived by his peers (or others in the organization) is seen as worthy of paying attention to, or following. The major thing that distinguishes an informal leader from a formal one is that the informal leader does NOT hold a position of power or formal authority over those that choose to follow him or her. The ability for an informal leader to influence or lead others rests on the ability of that person to evoke respect, confidence, and trust in others (McCrimmon, p1). Informal leaders such as Tony Sarto and Harry Clark can be exceedingly valuable to their company, and to the success of formal leaders. Slade Company needs to take advantage of them and give them formal responsibilities by making one or both of them supervisors. In order to remedy the plating department’s problems, a plan has to be developed and taken to the production manager, Ralph Porter that will result in a positive shift in culture and open up more lines of communication. The plan should be very forthcoming and not try to cover up any problems. The initial part of the plan should address the pay issue. Hourly wages should be increased and the possibility of profit sharing should be explored. At the same time, in order not to bankrupt the company, overtime should be eliminated or drastically reduced. This change in the pay system should make the employees happier and more productive. It will also go a long way toward reducing the ethical issue of punching the time clock. Another part of the plan should involve a shift in personnel. Some employees like Herman and Otto Schell, whose behavior can best be described as deviant should be either forced to retire early, take a position with less responsibility or asked to leave. Other employees like Sarto and Clark should be promoted to supervisory positions. These new supervisors will create work teams that will compete and increase productivity. Promoting employees from within the department will create a positive atmosphere for the employees by providing opportunities for them to advance. The final part of the plan would be to explore the possibility of recommending that work hours be changed to maximize productivity. For example, could the work be divided into shifts and the plant kept open longer during the week? In addition, would it be cost effective to shut down the plant on weekends thereby reducing overhead costs? Another aspect of the plan would address more of the social needs of the employees. This will demonstrate management’s concern for employees’ well being as people, and not just plating machines. First, the plan should recommend constructing a well-equipped lunchroom adjacent to the plating department. The cost of this lunchroom would be minimal and it would eliminate the groups congregating for lunch on the fire escape. Secondly, company social outings should include the entire Slade Plating Department and members of upper management. This would build stronger bonds within the company and show employees that management is concerned. If these recommendations are adopted, Slade Company would be more fiscally viable, their employees would have more job security, and in the end, they would be happier. References Dagmar Recklies (2001) â€Å"Porter’s Five Forces† http://www. themanager. org/pdf/p5f. pdf McCrimmon, Mitch (2007) â€Å"What is Informal Leadership. † http://businessmanagement. suite101. com/article. cfm Robbins, Stephen P. and Judge, Timothy A. (2009). â€Å"Organizational Behavior. † Prentice Hall Publishers, pp. 276-293.